INDICATIONS
Indications
  • KYPROLIS® (carfilzomib) is indicated in combination with dexamethasone, or with lenalidomide plus dexamethasone, or with daratumumab plus dexamethasone, or with daratumumab plus hyaluronidase-fihj plus dexamethasone, or with isatuximab plus dexamethasone for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who have received one to three lines of therapy.Read More
  • KYPROLIS® is indicated as a single agent for the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who have received one or more lines of therapy.Close
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DKd:

KYPROLIS® + daratumumab + dexamethasone

A proven combination at first relapse

DKd demonstrated the power to sustain
patients’ PFS

CANDOR trial: DKd vs Kd

Phase 3, randomized, open-label, multicenter trial that compared KYPROLIS® plus daratumumab and dexamethasone (DKd) to KYPROLIS® plus dexamethasone (Kd) in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who had received 1 to 3 prior lines of therapy. 466 patients were randomized 2:1 to receive DKd (n = 312) or Kd (n = 154) with KYPROLIS® 56 mg/m² twice weekly for 28-day cycles until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was PFS. Select secondary endpoints included ORR, MRD-negative CR rate at 12 months, and safety.1,2

DKd vs Kd: progression-free survival graph
28 months mPFS benefit

DKd reduced the risk of progression or death by 41% vs Kd1 At a median follow-up of nearly 28 months (HR = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.45-0.78). Primary results were reported after a median follow-up of ~ 17 months. Median PFS was not reached for DKd vs 15.8 months for Kd (HR = 0.63; 95%
CI: 0.46-0.85; P = 0.0014, one-sided).1,2

CI, confidence interval; CR, complete response; DKd, carfilzomib + daratumumab + dexamethasone; HR, hazard ratio; Kd, carfilzomib + dexamethasone; mPFS, median progression-free survival; MRD, minimal residual disease; ORR, overall response rate; PFS, progression-free survival.

DKd delivered deep responses with high MRD-negativity rates*

DKd vs Kd: response rate comparison graphs
dkd-delivered-cr-rate-mob
DKd vs Kd: response rate comparison graphs

Patients on DKd achieved a deep response, with responses deepening over time3,4

DKd MRD negativity at
12-month landmark

18% (n = 55/312)

Kd = 4% (n = 6/154)

DKd MRD negativity at any time
from final follow-up analysis (median follow up of 4.2 years)

28% (n = 87/312)

Kd = 9% (n = 14/154)

MRD negativity is a strong prognostic factor in RRMM and
represents the deepest assessment of treatment response4

*MRD negativity rates were higher in the DKd arm than in the Kd arm of the study. MRD-negative CR (at the 10-5 level) is defined as achievement of CR per the IMWG-URC and MRD-negative status assessed by the next-generation sequencing assay (ClonoSEQ) at the 12-month landmark (from 8-month to 13-month window).2

CR, complete response; DKd, carfilzomib + daratumumab + dexamethasone; Kd, carfilzomib + dexamethasone; MRD, minimal residual disease; ORR, overall response rate; PR, partial response; RRMM, relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma; VGPR, very good partial response.

Exploratory analysis for specific patient populations

PFS favorability was consistent across clinically important subgroups1,3

These results represent prespecified subgroup analyses of the CANDOR study; however, these analyses were not study objectives and the study was therefore not powered or adjusted for multiplicity to assess efficacy in these subgroups.3

DKd vs Kd: subgroup analysis across all patient groups
exploratory-analysis-subgroup-graph-mob

*Data from primary analysis with a median follow-up of ~ 17 months.

†High-risk defined as a patient with cytogenetic abnormalities [t(4;14), t(4;16), or deletion 17p] that are considered high-risk.3

‡Standard-risk defined as a patient without cytogenetic abnormalities [t(4;14), t(4;16), or deletion 17p] that are considered high-risk.3

CI, confidence interval; DKd, carfilzomib + daratumumab + dexamethasone; ECOG PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status; ISS, International Staging System; Kd, carfilzomib + dexamethasone; Len, lenalidomide; PFS, progression-free survival; PI, proteasome inhibitor.

Study Design

DKd vs Kd (CANDOR)

DKd vs Kd CANDOR study design

Inclusion and exclusion criteria5

Key eligibility criteria (N = 466):

  • 1 to 3 prior lines of therapy with ≥ PR to ≥ 1 prior therapy
  • ECOG PS 0-2
  • CrCl ≥ 20 mL/min
  • LVEF ≥ 40%

Key exclusion criteria:

  • Known moderate or severe persistent asthma within the past 2 years; known COPD with a FEV1 < 50% of predicted normal
  • Active congestive heart failure (NYHA Class III to IV), symptomatic ischemia§

*Carfilzomib at 56 mg/m2 administered twice weekly; 20 mg/m2 administered on Days 1 and 2 of Cycle 1 only.

†The first dose of daratumumab is split over Days 1 and 2 of Cycle 1 (8 mg/kg each day).

‡For patients > 75 years of age, 20 mg of dexamethasone was administered weekly after the first week, and the entire 20-mg dose was given as a daratumumab pre-infusion medication on days when daratumumab was administered. Dosing of dexamethasone was otherwise split across days when KYPROLIS® was administered in both study arms.

§NYHA classification of heart failure III is defined as: Marked limitation of physical activity. Comfortable at rest. Less than ordinary activity causes fatigue, palpitation, or dyspnea (shortness of breath). IV is defined as: Unable to carry out any physical activity without discomfort. Symptoms of heart failure at rest. If any physical activity is undertaken, discomfort increases.7

BIW, twice a week; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CR, complete response; CrCl, creatinine clearance; DKd, carfilzomib + daratumumab + dexamethasone; ECOG PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; Kd, carfilzomib + dexamethasone; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MRD, minimal residual disease; NYHA, New York Heart Association; ORR, overall response rate; OS, overall survival; PFS, progression-free survival; PR, partial response; R, randomization.

  • Patient Demographics and Baseline Characteristics2

    (View data)

    Baseline disease characteristics and prior treatments were balanced between study arms2

    DKd vs Kd: CANDOR study design diagram for patient demographics and baseline characteristics

    *FISH analysis was conducted by the central lab. The high-risk group consisted of patients with the genetic subtypes t(4;14), t(14;16), or deletion 17p. The standard-risk group consisted of patients without cytogenetic abnormalities that are considered high risk. The unknown-risk group consisted of patients with FISH results that failed or were canceled.3

    †Patients were considered refractory to a drug received in previous regimens if any of the following criteria were met: (1) best response to any regimen containing the drug was stable disease or progressive disease; (2) reason the drug was stopped was progression in any regimen; (3) date of relapse/progression was after start date and within 60 days after stop date of the drug in any regimen.3

    ASCT, autologous stem cell transplant; DKd, carfilzomib + daratumumab + dexamethasone; ECOG PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status; FISH, fluorescence in situ hybridization; ISS, International Staging System; IxRS, interactive voice-web response system; Kd, carfilzomib + dexamethasone.

SafetySafety

Safety

Learn more about DKd safety information
Infusion bag and syringeInfusion bag and syringe

Dosing

DKd offers flexible dosing and administration options to meet the needs of your patients2

DKd, carfilzomib + daratumumab + dexamethasone; Kd, carfilzomib + dexamethasone.

EXPAND

IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION FOR KYPROLIS®

Cardiac Toxicities

  • New onset or worsening of pre-existing cardiac failure (e.g., congestive heart failure, pulmonary edema, decreased ejection fraction), cardiomyopathy, myocardial ischemia, and myocardial infarction including fatalities have occurred following administration of KYPROLIS®. Some events occurred in patients with normal baseline ventricular function. Death due to cardiac arrest has occurred within one day of administration.
  • Monitor patients for signs or symptoms of cardiac failure or ischemia. Evaluate promptly if cardiac toxicity is suspected. Withhold KYPROLIS® for Grade 3 or 4 cardiac adverse reactions until recovery, and consider whether to restart at 1 dose level reduction based on a benefit/risk assessment.
  • While adequate hydration is required prior to each dose in Cycle 1, monitor all patients for evidence of volume overload, especially patients at risk for cardiac failure. Adjust total fluid intake as clinically appropriate.
  • For patients ≥ 75 years, the risk of cardiac failure is increased. Patients with New York Heart Association Class III and IV heart failure, recent myocardial infarction, conduction abnormalities, angina, or arrhythmias may be at greater risk for cardiac complications and should have a comprehensive medical assessment prior to starting treatment with KYPROLIS® and remain under close follow-up with fluid management.

Acute Renal Failure

  • Cases of acute renal failure, including some fatal renal failure events, and renal insufficiency (including renal failure) have occurred. Acute renal failure was reported more frequently in patients with advanced relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma who received KYPROLIS® monotherapy. Monitor renal function with regular measurement of the serum creatinine and/or estimated creatinine clearance. Reduce or withhold dose as appropriate.

Tumor Lysis Syndrome

  • Cases of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS), including fatal outcomes, have occurred. Patients with a high tumor burden should be considered at greater risk for TLS. Adequate hydration is required prior to each dose in Cycle 1, and in subsequent cycles as needed. Consider uric acid lowering drugs in patients at risk for TLS. Monitor for evidence of TLS during treatment and manage promptly, and withhold until resolved.

Pulmonary Toxicity

  • Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), acute respiratory failure, and acute diffuse infiltrative pulmonary disease such as pneumonitis and interstitial lung disease have occurred. Some events have been fatal. In the event of drug-induced pulmonary toxicity, discontinue KYPROLIS®.

Pulmonary Hypertension

  • Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) was reported. Evaluate with cardiac imaging and/or other tests as indicated. Withhold KYPROLIS® for PAH until resolved or returned to baseline and consider whether to restart based on a benefit/risk assessment.

Dyspnea

  • Dyspnea was reported in patients treated with KYPROLIS®. Evaluate dyspnea to exclude cardiopulmonary conditions including cardiac failure and pulmonary syndromes. Stop KYPROLIS® for Grade 3 or 4 dyspnea until resolved or returned to baseline. Consider whether to restart based on a benefit/risk assessment.

Hypertension

  • Hypertension, including hypertensive crisis and hypertensive emergency, has been observed, some fatal. Control hypertension prior to starting KYPROLIS®. Monitor blood pressure regularly in all patients. If hypertension cannot be adequately controlled, withhold KYPROLIS® and evaluate. Consider whether to restart based on a benefit/risk assessment.

Venous Thrombosis

  • Venous thromboembolic events (including deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism) have been observed. Provide thromboprophylaxis for patients being treated with the combination of KYPROLIS® with dexamethasone or with lenalidomide plus dexamethasone or with daratumumab and dexamethasone. The thromboprophylaxis regimen should be based on an assessment of the patient’s underlying risks.
  • For patients using hormonal contraception associated with a risk of thrombosis, consider an alternative method of effective contraception during treatment.

Infusion-Related Reactions

  • Infusion-related reactions, including life-threatening reactions, have occurred. Signs and symptoms include fever, chills, arthralgia, myalgia, facial flushing, facial edema, laryngeal edema, vomiting, weakness, shortness of breath, hypotension, syncope, chest tightness, or angina. These reactions can occur immediately following or up to 24 hours after administration. Premedicate with dexamethasone to reduce the incidence and severity of infusion-related reactions.

Hemorrhage

  • Fatal or serious cases of hemorrhage have been reported. Hemorrhagic events have included gastrointestinal, pulmonary, and intracranial hemorrhage and epistaxis. Promptly evaluate signs and symptoms of blood loss. Reduce or withhold dose as appropriate.

Thrombocytopenia

  • KYPROLIS® causes thrombocytopenia with recovery to baseline platelet count usually by the start of the next cycle. Monitor platelet counts frequently during treatment. Reduce or withhold dose as appropriate.

Hepatic Toxicity and Hepatic Failure

  • Cases of hepatic failure, including fatal cases, have occurred. KYPROLIS® can cause increased serum transaminases. Monitor liver enzymes regularly regardless of baseline values. Reduce or withhold dose as appropriate.

Thrombotic Microangiopathy

  • Cases of thrombotic microangiopathy, including thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura/hemolytic uremic syndrome (TTP/HUS), including fatal outcome, have occurred. Monitor for signs and symptoms of TTP/HUS. Discontinue if diagnosis is suspected. If the diagnosis of TTP/HUS is excluded, KYPROLIS® may be restarted. The safety of reinitiating KYPROLIS® is not known.

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES)

  • Cases of PRES have occurred in patients receiving KYPROLIS®. If PRES is suspected, discontinue and evaluate with appropriate imaging. The safety of reinitiating KYPROLIS® is not known.

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)

  • Cases of PML, including fatal cases, have occurred. In addition to KYPROLIS®, other contributary factors may include prior or concurrent use of immunosuppressive therapy. Consider PML in any patient with new onset of or changes in pre-existing neurological signs or symptoms. If PML is suspected, discontinue and initiate evaluation for PML including neurology consultation.

Increased Fatal and Serious Toxicities in Combination with Melphalan and Prednisone in Newly Diagnosed Transplant-ineligible Patients

  • In a clinical trial of transplant-ineligible patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma comparing KYPROLIS®, melphalan, and prednisone (KMP) vs bortezomib, melphalan, and prednisone (VMP), a higher incidence of serious and fatal adverse reactions was observed in patients in the KMP arm. KMP is not indicated for transplant-ineligible patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.

Embryo-fetal Toxicity

  • KYPROLIS® can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman.
  • Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. Females of reproductive potential should use effective contraception during treatment with KYPROLIS® and for 6 months following the final dose. Males of reproductive potential should use effective contraception during treatment with KYPROLIS® and for 3 months following the final dose.

Adverse Reactions

  • The most common adverse reactions occurring in at least 20% of patients taking KYPROLIS® in the combination therapy trials: anemia, diarrhea, hypertension, fatigue, upper respiratory tract infection, thrombocytopenia, pyrexia, cough, dyspnea, and insomnia.
  • The most common adverse reactions occurring in at least 20% of patients taking KYPROLIS® in monotherapy trials: anemia, fatigue, thrombocytopenia, nausea, pyrexia, dyspnea, diarrhea, headache, cough, edema peripheral.

Please see accompanying full Prescribing Information.

INDICATIONS

  • KYPROLIS® (carfilzomib) is indicated in combination with dexamethasone, or with lenalidomide plus dexamethasone, or with daratumumab plus dexamethasone, or with daratumumab plus hyaluronidase-fihj plus dexamethasone, or with isatuximab plus dexamethasone for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who have received one to three lines of therapy.
  • KYPROLIS® is indicated as a single agent for the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who have received one or more lines of therapy.

IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION FOR KYPROLIS®

Cardiac Toxicities

  • New onset or worsening of pre-existing cardiac failure (e.g., congestive heart failure, pulmonary edema, decreased ejection fraction), cardiomyopathy, myocardial ischemia, and myocardial infarction including fatalities have occurred following administration of KYPROLIS®. Some events occurred in patients with normal baseline ventricular function. Death due to cardiac arrest has occurred within one day of administration.
  • Monitor patients for signs or symptoms of cardiac failure or ischemia. Evaluate promptly if cardiac toxicity is suspected. Withhold KYPROLIS® for Grade 3 or 4 cardiac adverse reactions until recovery, and consider whether to restart at 1 dose level reduction based on a benefit/risk assessment.
  • While adequate hydration is required prior to each dose in Cycle 1, monitor all patients for evidence of volume overload, especially patients at risk for cardiac failure. Adjust total fluid intake as clinically appropriate.
  • For patients ≥ 75 years, the risk of cardiac failure is increased. Patients with New York Heart Association Class III and IV heart failure, recent myocardial infarction, conduction abnormalities, angina, or arrhythmias may be at greater risk for cardiac complications and should have a comprehensive medical assessment prior to starting treatment with KYPROLIS® and remain under close follow-up with fluid management.

Acute Renal Failure

  • Cases of acute renal failure, including some fatal renal failure events, and renal insufficiency (including renal failure) have occurred. Acute renal failure was reported more frequently in patients with advanced relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma who received KYPROLIS® monotherapy. Monitor renal function with regular measurement of the serum creatinine and/or estimated creatinine clearance. Reduce or withhold dose as appropriate.

Tumor Lysis Syndrome

  • Cases of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS), including fatal outcomes, have occurred. Patients with a high tumor burden should be considered at greater risk for TLS. Adequate hydration is required prior to each dose in Cycle 1, and in subsequent cycles as needed. Consider uric acid lowering drugs in patients at risk for TLS. Monitor for evidence of TLS during treatment and manage promptly, and withhold until resolved.

Pulmonary Toxicity

  • Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), acute respiratory failure, and acute diffuse infiltrative pulmonary disease such as pneumonitis and interstitial lung disease have occurred. Some events have been fatal. In the event of drug-induced pulmonary toxicity, discontinue KYPROLIS®.

Pulmonary Hypertension

  • Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) was reported. Evaluate with cardiac imaging and/or other tests as indicated. Withhold KYPROLIS® for PAH until resolved or returned to baseline and consider whether to restart based on a benefit/risk assessment.

Dyspnea

  • Dyspnea was reported in patients treated with KYPROLIS®. Evaluate dyspnea to exclude cardiopulmonary conditions including cardiac failure and pulmonary syndromes. Stop KYPROLIS® for Grade 3 or 4 dyspnea until resolved or returned to baseline. Consider whether to restart based on a benefit/risk assessment.

Hypertension

  • Hypertension, including hypertensive crisis and hypertensive emergency, has been observed, some fatal. Control hypertension prior to starting KYPROLIS®. Monitor blood pressure regularly in all patients. If hypertension cannot be adequately controlled, withhold KYPROLIS® and evaluate. Consider whether to restart based on a benefit/risk assessment.

Venous Thrombosis

  • Venous thromboembolic events (including deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism) have been observed. Provide thromboprophylaxis for patients being treated with the combination of KYPROLIS® with dexamethasone or with lenalidomide plus dexamethasone or with daratumumab and dexamethasone. The thromboprophylaxis regimen should be based on an assessment of the patient’s underlying risks.
  • For patients using hormonal contraception associated with a risk of thrombosis, consider an alternative method of effective contraception during treatment.

Infusion-Related Reactions

  • Infusion-related reactions, including life-threatening reactions, have occurred. Signs and symptoms include fever, chills, arthralgia, myalgia, facial flushing, facial edema, laryngeal edema, vomiting, weakness, shortness of breath, hypotension, syncope, chest tightness, or angina. These reactions can occur immediately following or up to 24 hours after administration. Premedicate with dexamethasone to reduce the incidence and severity of infusion-related reactions.

Hemorrhage

  • Fatal or serious cases of hemorrhage have been reported. Hemorrhagic events have included gastrointestinal, pulmonary, and intracranial hemorrhage and epistaxis. Promptly evaluate signs and symptoms of blood loss. Reduce or withhold dose as appropriate.

Thrombocytopenia

  • KYPROLIS® causes thrombocytopenia with recovery to baseline platelet count usually by the start of the next cycle. Monitor platelet counts frequently during treatment. Reduce or withhold dose as appropriate.

Hepatic Toxicity and Hepatic Failure

  • Cases of hepatic failure, including fatal cases, have occurred. KYPROLIS® can cause increased serum transaminases. Monitor liver enzymes regularly regardless of baseline values. Reduce or withhold dose as appropriate.

Thrombotic Microangiopathy

  • Cases of thrombotic microangiopathy, including thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura/hemolytic uremic syndrome (TTP/HUS), including fatal outcome, have occurred. Monitor for signs and symptoms of TTP/HUS. Discontinue if diagnosis is suspected. If the diagnosis of TTP/HUS is excluded, KYPROLIS® may be restarted. The safety of reinitiating KYPROLIS® is not known.

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES)

  • Cases of PRES have occurred in patients receiving KYPROLIS®. If PRES is suspected, discontinue and evaluate with appropriate imaging. The safety of reinitiating KYPROLIS® is not known.

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)

  • Cases of PML, including fatal cases, have occurred. In addition to KYPROLIS®, other contributary factors may include prior or concurrent use of immunosuppressive therapy. Consider PML in any patient with new onset of or changes in pre-existing neurological signs or symptoms. If PML is suspected, discontinue and initiate evaluation for PML including neurology consultation.

Increased Fatal and Serious Toxicities in Combination with Melphalan and Prednisone in Newly Diagnosed Transplant-ineligible Patients

  • In a clinical trial of transplant-ineligible patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma comparing KYPROLIS®, melphalan, and prednisone (KMP) vs bortezomib, melphalan, and prednisone (VMP), a higher incidence of serious and fatal adverse reactions was observed in patients in the KMP arm. KMP is not indicated for transplant-ineligible patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.

Embryo-fetal Toxicity

  • KYPROLIS® can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman.
  • Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. Females of reproductive potential should use effective contraception during treatment with KYPROLIS® and for 6 months following the final dose. Males of reproductive potential should use effective contraception during treatment with KYPROLIS® and for 3 months following the final dose.

Adverse Reactions

  • The most common adverse reactions occurring in at least 20% of patients taking KYPROLIS® in the combination therapy trials: anemia, diarrhea, hypertension, fatigue, upper respiratory tract infection, thrombocytopenia, pyrexia, cough, dyspnea, and insomnia.
  • The most common adverse reactions occurring in at least 20% of patients taking KYPROLIS® in monotherapy trials: anemia, fatigue, thrombocytopenia, nausea, pyrexia, dyspnea, diarrhea, headache, cough, edema peripheral.

Please see accompanying full Prescribing Information.

INDICATIONS

  • KYPROLIS® (carfilzomib) is indicated in combination with dexamethasone, or with lenalidomide plus dexamethasone, or with daratumumab plus dexamethasone, or with daratumumab plus hyaluronidase-fihj plus dexamethasone, or with isatuximab plus dexamethasone for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who have received one to three lines of therapy.
  • KYPROLIS® is indicated as a single agent for the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who have received one or more lines of therapy.
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References: 1. Usmani S, Quach H, Mateos MV, et al. Carfilzomib, dexamethasone, and daratumumab versus carfilzomib and dexamethasone for patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (CANDOR): updated outcomes from a randomised, multicentre, open-label, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol. 2022;23:65-76. 2. KYPROLIS® (carfilzomib) prescribing information, Onyx Pharmaceuticals Inc., an Amgen Inc. subsidiary. 3. Dimopoulos M, Quach H, Mateos MV, et al. Carfilzomib, dexamethasone, and daratumumab versus carfilzomib and dexamethasone for patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (CANDOR): results from a randomized, multicentre, open-label, phase 3 study. Lancet. 2020;396:186-197. 4. Usmani SZ, Quach H, Mateos MV, et al. Final analysis of carfilzomib, dexamethasone, and daratumumab vs carfilzomib and dexamethasone in the CANDOR study. Blood Adv. 2023;7:3739-3748. 5. Dimopoulos M, Quach H, Mateos M-V, et al. Carfilzomib, dexamethasone, and daratumumab versus carfilzomib and dexamethasone for patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (CANDOR): results from a randomised, multicentre, open-label, phase 3 study. Supplementary appendix. Lancet. 2020;396:186-197. 6. American Heart Association. Classes and Stages of Heart Failure. www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-failure/what-is-heart-failure/classes-of-heart-failure. Accessed April 24, 2024.